Tridimensional display of the Riemann Zeta function inside [-10.0,+60.0]x[-35.0,+35.0] (bird's-eye view) [Visualisation tridimensionnelle de la fonction Zêta de Riemann dans [-10.0,+60.0]x[-35.0,+35.0] (vue aérienne)].




The real Zeta function is defined as the serie:
                            n=+infinity
                              _______
                              \
                               \       -s
                    Zeta(s) =  /      n
                              /______

                                n=1


                    \-/ s > 1


The complex Riemann Zeta function is defined as the serie:
                            n=+infinity
                              _______
                              \
                               \       -z
                    Zeta(z) =  /      n
                              /______

                                n=1


                    \-/ z : Re(z) > 1


or again (Leonhard Euler):
                              _________
                               |     |
                               |     |      1
                    Zeta(z) =  |     |  ---------
                               |     |        -z
                               |     |   1 - p

                                p E P
where 'P' denotes the set of the prime numbers 'p'.


It can be computed for all z with the following analytic continuation:
                               n=N-1
                              _______
                              \
                               \       -z
                    Zeta(z) =  /      n
                              /______

                                n=1

                                1-z      -z
                               N        N
                            + ------ + -----
                               z-1       2

                                k=V                        p=2k-2
                              _______                     ________
                              \          B                 |    |
                               \          2k    -z-(2k)+1  |    |
                            +  /      [-------.N           |    | (z+p)]
                              /______   (2k)!              |    |

                                k=1                          p=0

                            + epsilon(z,N,V)


                    \-/ z : Re(z+2V+1) > 1

                    N ~ |z|


This picture displays the modulus of the Riemann Zeta function as a surface in a tridimensional space (the two dimensions of the complex plane plus the modulus). The so-called phase of the Riemann Zeta function (its argument) is displayed as colors painting the surface; the [0, 2.pi] segment is mapped on the {Blue,Red,Magenta,Green,Cyan,Yellow,White} set. On this surface the unique pole (z=1) as well as some of the roots (even negative integer numbers and points on the x=1/2 line -the famous Riemann's conjecture-) can be seen.


See some related pictures (possibly including this one):

 
 



Here are some more pictures about the Zeta function:


(CMAP28 WWW site: this page was created on 06/24/1999 and last updated on 09/15/2022 19:02:07 -CEST-)



[See all related pictures (including this one) [Voir toutes les images associées (incluant celle-ci)]]

[Please visit the related NumberTheory picture gallery [Visitez la galerie d'images NumberTheory associée]]

[Go back to AVirtualMachineForExploringSpaceTimeAndBeyond [Retour à AVirtualMachineForExploringSpaceTimeAndBeyond]]

[The Y2K Bug [Le bug de l'an 2000]]

[Site Map, Help and Search [Plan du Site, Aide et Recherche]]
[Mail [Courrier]]
[About Pictures and Animations [A Propos des Images et des Animations]]


Copyright © Jean-François Colonna, 1999-2022.
Copyright © France Telecom R&D and CMAP (Centre de Mathématiques APpliquées) UMR CNRS 7641 / Ecole Polytechnique, 1999-2022.