The Liouville function displayed as a tridimensional random walk for the integer numbers from 2 to 150001 [La fonction de Liouville visualisée comme une marche aléatoire tridimensionnelle pour les nombres entiers de 2 à 150001].




This picture displays the Liouville function as a tridimensional random walk. For each integer number 'n' the function PD(n) gives the number of prime divisors; for example:
                    PD(2) = 1
                    PD(3) = 1
                    PD(4) = 2
                    PD(5) = 1
                    PD(6) = 2
                    PD(7) = 1
                    PD(8) = 3
                    PD(9) = 2
                    (...)
Let's recall that 1 is not a prime number when 2 is the first one (and the only even one...).

The Liouville function L(n) equals:
                               PD(n)
                    L(n) = (-1)
Hence:
                    L(2) = -1
                    L(3) = -1
                    L(4) = +1
                    L(5) = -1
                    L(6) = +1
                    L(7) = -1
                    L(8) = -1
                    L(9) = +1
                    (...)


Then one defines the following dynamics:
                    X(0) = 0
                    Y(0) = 0
                    Z(0) = 0
                    X(i+1) = X(i) + L(3*i+2)
                    Y(i+1) = Y(i) + L(3*i+3)
                    Z(i+1) = Z(i) + L(3*i+4)
(the point {X(0),Y(0),Z(0)} is at the right of the picture -white point-, when the colors used {magenta,red,yellow,green,cyan} are an increasing function of 'i')

It is useful to compare this trajectory with the one of a tridimensional brownian motion based on a random process and the one of a tridimensional brownian motion based on the Verhulst dynamics .

At last, here is the special Liouville function where only the different prime divisors are counted.


(CMAP28 WWW site: this page was created on 01/07/2010 and last updated on 04/26/2015 12:24:47 -CEST-)



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